Effect of colchicine drug and water extract of peganum harmaia seeds on the induction of chromosome abnormality and mutation in peas plant

In the late times, uses of flowering plant extraction has been noted in punlic medicine beacuse of their clear roles to modifiy mutagens activity. Both colchicum autumnale and peganum harmala are wild type plants and they had widely uses in many medicine purposes. This plants earned good reputation during the old testaments as an important source for drugs. Some research studies indicate to the harmaia and colchisines drug have harmful effect on chromosome vehaviour, thus study presented to find the basic information on this medicinal plants, in addition to give answer on an important question. do water extract of harmala seed and colchicines drug have harmful effect on chromosome beahvior? and do both extractions are chemicals mutagens? Study carried out on pea's seed that soaked in coilchicine solution and water of harmala seeds[individually] and at concentraion of0.05%for 24 hours. seeds left to grow for a month, reaing for grwoth measurments recorded. For slides preparation, root tip of peas seed soaked in colichicine solution and water extraction of harmala seeds [0.005%] for 24 hours.In the next days, root tip fixed for 24 hours carony's fixative then transfered to new fixative [96% ethanol] and store at 4c. root tip were separated for slides preparaion and to study the effect of colichicines and water extraction of harmala seeds on chromosome behaviour. Chromosome were stained by Glemsa stain then examined by using microscopic lens [100x]. The result of this study illustrated that chromosome behaviours was abnormal in samples that soaked in water extract of harmala seeds at conecentraions of[0.05%], therfore, chromomsome stickness and unfolding chromosome [in prophase], stickiness, Disturbed and chromosome breakage [in meatphase] stichiness anaphase, deleting in some genetic material and multiple nucleuses[in tetophase] has detected, also deformation in chromosome change the pposition of the genetic material and deformation in morphological structures of divided cell were noticed. Treatment of peas seed by water extract of harmaia seeds at conecntraion of [0.05%] caused ipmrovments in plants grwoth parameters thus abundance of root and early formation in tendril and leaves were seen when it compared with controllws plant. Colchicines drug at concentraion 0.005% affected plant growth however total of plant length reduced significantly also mutation as dwarfing, Rosseting and tumor has been noticed.In addition deforamtion of cell and chromosome abnoramlity included chromosome stickiness and unfolding chromosome [in prophase], stichkiness, Disturbed chromosome[in metaphase], stichkines and chromosome bridge[in anaphase], Micronucleus and multiple nucleus [in tetmmended that care tetophase] has detected. It could be recommended that care sould be taken when using such a drug also it should be discard plants that treated with colichines and water extract of harmala seeds in especial scrap places

Testing of cellulose papers [cement papers] as growth media instead of acer to germinate and growth of pea embryos in vitro

Cells and embryos culture are new, important and useful methods in plant science scope. This method moved out from research to application scientific circuit. The technique of tissue culture uses the rapid propagation to produce large number of plants this cannot be actualize by classical propagation method which needs to specific time in the year and effort. Large number of scientific researchers have done that leaded know how can parts of plant differentiate and develop to organisms in artificial media. In order to, grow part of the plant. It should be capable of mitosis division where testing of used part of the plant and the growth stage of this part are important. In any case, should sterilize the used plant part before agriculture start then provide it with growth media. This requires that all equipment used in creating a cell and embryos culture must be sterilized to ensure contamination does not occur. In plant tissue culture researchers faces many problems as kind of nutrition media, high quality of sterilization that the. In addition to stimulation of embryos growth and activation of embryos to grow. This study was conducted in order to study possibility for alteration ager media to cellulose media [cement papers] for germination and growth of peas plant embryos. The mature embryos separated, sterilized then germinated in ager and cellulose media, in order to compare their growth in both media. Embryos left to grow in dark incubator at 26°C for four days. Growth parameters recorded then ail seedlings exposed to hardness stage by transferring them to the small pots. Seedlings left to grow four days under controlled conditions. Results of this study revealed that cellulose papers media is the best for embryos growth especially during the first four days [Incubation stage] where highly significant increases in total plant length; leaves formation had noted. In contrast, embryos that germinated in ager media did not showed any response in their length and weight .Treatment of embryos that grown on cellulose papers media by Gebberelic acid concentration of Ippm significantly increased their lengths; fresh weight and water content, while, treatment of embryos, that grown on ager media, with the same concentration of Gibberellic acid was useless during the first four days [Incubation stage]. After transfer the seedling to hardness stage, it had noted that seedlings grown in cellulose papers media improved their growth when they compared with seedlings that grown on ager media, also, the seedling slants to show an increase especially in the length of root. Treatment of seedlings by Gibberellic acid during the stage of hardness was not usefulness because it did not note any significant increases between controlled plants and the treated plants. The result of this study revealed to that cellulose papers can be used instead of ager media because embryos of peas plants improved their growth parameters

effects of salinity on growth and germination of wheat embryos

Selected genotype of wheat [Triticum aestivum L] progeny line W4909 [salt tolerance] was used In this study. Wheat embryos were grown and subjected to different concentrations of NaCl [0,50,100,150 and 200 mM] in Gzapek Agar [GZ] solid media. The results shown that total length, fresh weight and water content of wheat seedling decreased as the NaCl concentrations increased. Dry weight and total protein content also increased in wheat seedling that exposed to moderate [100 mM] and severe [150 mM] NaCl stress respectively. Furthermore, protoplasm desiccation appeared in the cells of wheat seedling that grown up to 150 mM Nad It can be concluded that embryos of progeny lines W4909 was tolerant to NaCl stress and were grown successfully in salty media up to 150 mM NaCl even thought the seedlings show a decrease in growth parameters

Using of polyacrylamide as growth media in germination of cucumber seeds and barley grains

This study was conducted on cucumber seeds variety of [[DAMEX, Fl line -105] and barley seeds variety of [Aruge, lineS-R]. Effort was made to compare germination and growth of cucumber and barley seeds under in vitro condition by using of both polyacryiamide [PCA] and Czapek dox ager media. Both media were supplied with growth regulators Gibberellic acid [Gas] at concentrations 4ppm, IGppm and Indol-3-buteric acid [3-IBA] at concentrations 4ppm and 16 ppm respectively. After weeks of growth and germination, seeds were transferred to soil pots for adaption. Important seedling characters like total seedling length, root length and shoot length were recorded also DNA amount estimated. The result shown that, no significant difference was observed in total seedling length between both polyacrylmide and Czapek dox ager media also estimation of DNA amount does not reveal to any significant differences, barley seedling that grown in Czapek dox ager media shown an increase in their shoot lenght compared with barley seedling grown in polyacryiamide media. Root length increased significantly in barley seeds grown in polyacryiamide media only. It can be noticed that, cucumber seedlings grown on polyacriyamide media showed an increase in their shoot length while cucumber seedling that grown on czapek dox ager media showed an increase in their root length. Growth regulators [GAs and 3-IBA] increased root length of both cucumber and barley seedling. Also they increased root length of barley seedling that grown in czapek dox ager media